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Driving Waste and Inefficiency Out of Operations: Role-based IT Processes and IT Tool Architectures

IT organizations bent on continuous improvement and a high level of IT maturity tend to have documented processes for change, event, incident and problem management – and an organizational framework with clearly defined roles for executing those processes.

Whether these processes religiously follow ITIL’s schema or are home-grown, they tend to have a common set of DOs and DON’Ts that go something like this:

  • Try to solve as many issues as possible with first responders (if end-user self-help or the help desk staff can’t resolve the issues);
  • Handle your most critical business-impacting issues first (assuming you can align alerts from technology domains – i.e., ‘silos’ – to specific business services);
  • Route the issue to the responder with the right domain expertise when first responders can’t make things right (in most organizations, first responders tend to be PC experts and/or IT generalists); and
  • When fixing things, only make approved configuration changes (to avoid undesired side effects).

Figure 1 illustrates the kind of role-based process framework organizations are putting in place to enable these DOs and DON’Ts. It was also discussed in a previous blog: Balancing Act: A Framework for IT Transformation.

IT organizations with the above DOs and DON’Ts have clear benefits in mind:

  • Drive the waste out of the triage process;
  • Speed restoration of service quality/availability when it has been impacted;
  • Solve more issues proactively before they impact services;
  • Lower the overall cost of delivering services; and
  • Free highly-paid staff from time-consuming troubleshooting so they can do more value-added work.
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Balancing Act: A Framework for IT Transformation

IT organizations worldwide are juggling to keep services running at expected availability and performance levels AND to execute new IT projects, such as adding new customer services, building out the network and enhancing old services. If you too are being squeezed like this, then it is worth your time to compare notes with others who are keeping all the balls in the air at once.

One such enterprise customer (call them “Company X”) is a leader in its field, is highly profitable and has a lean and mean IT workforce that amounts to only 1% of the total 12,000 company employees.

That’s only about 160 IT professionals.

They have three main groups within IT: Application Development, Help Desk/PC Support Group and Operations. The Operations Team, which manages infrastructure and applications, has less than 60 employees.

Besides using commercial enterprise applications, the company builds a lot of their own applications. They have more than 1,000 network devices, more than 1,000 servers and more than 50,000 devices on customer premises that they remotely monitor and control.

Their overarching strategy for IT excellence has three vectors:

  1. Drive customer and employee value by offering new services;
  2. Assure availability and performance of new and old services; and
  3. Prepare the IT organization to support long-term business growth.
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Hockey Lessons, ITIL and IT Operations Game Changers

Recently, in Toronto, Canada, I had the pleasure of meeting a number of IT professionals from a wide range of industries who have a common passion, common challenges and a common opportunity to bring their IT organizations to the next level of excellence.

Their common passion? Hockey. And they played a lively CA Technologies-sponsored game on the Toronto Maple Leaf’s rink at the Air Canada Center.

Their common challenge? Juggling increased business demands and getting squeezed by tight IT budgets in a tough economic environment.

Their common opportunity? With a modest investment in new game-changing IT management technology, they can tweak their operational processes to get a huge uplift in IT efficiency and service quality.

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The Illusion of ITIL and the Misunderstanding of IT Tools

IllusionA classic illusion. Two images in one: an old “hag” and a young woman.

Speaking with seasoned IT Operations experts at a number of large enterprises, I often find that this is the case with the terms “ITIL” and “IT Processes.”

When I ask them a question like “What kind of standard event and incident management processes do you have in place?” — I typically get something like one of the two following answers.

  1. “Yes, we follow ITIL. We started with ITIL v2, and we’re moving toward v3. We’ve defined our processes, we enforce them and we’re rolling out more training.”
  2. “We have our processes defined. They’re like ITIL, but not exactly. They’re in our DNA, so we don’t think about them. We just follow them as part of our everyday jobs as we handle events that come our way.”

Just as both images in the illusion are female; both IT terms are a form of best practices. But unlike the illusion, one best practice isn’t necessarily prettier (i.e. more effective) than the other.

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IT Sandwich: InTernatIonal Lunchwagen


Read the blog that inspired the video here.
Service Assurance & ITIL: The Sandwich Theory of Managing Business Services

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Donkey

Donkey, Carrot and Stick: Evolution and IT Operations Maturity

Step back from the daily grind, take it all in and assess exactly what you’re doing right, what you’re doing wrong and what you can do effectively and more efficiently. No matter what your profession is, pausing a moment to take the “long view” is a good thing. As long-view thinking goes, it often has something to do with concepts of maturity or evolution of processes.

There’s a fascination with the idea of evolution. Biological sciences treat this idea as the long march from simple, single cell organisms to complex multi-cellular organisms with specialized groups of cells in an ever-increasingly complex ecological system of inter-dependent species. Primate evolution tops off with Homo Sapiens, whose Darwinian advantage over competing primates came through gene selection that enabled higher language, complex tool-building, social organization (i.e. culture). Around 10,000 years ago, culture appeared and has since been a source of evolution that has far out-paced human biological evolution in its impact on our species. Our genetic make-up is identical to hunter-gatherer tribes, yet our culture puts us light years ahead of theirs in terms of our ability to harness nature and survive.

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Sandwich Theory: Are You Measuring Quality by the Bite?

The Sandwich Theory of Managing Business Services

The next time you sink your teeth into a deli sandwich; don’t just think about what the waiter just served you: think about what your IT department is delivering your end-users and external customers.

“Systems Thinking” – A Foundation for ITIL-Oriented Service Operations Management

Here’s the classic American triple-decker club sandwich, bottom up:

  • Layer 1: whole wheat or white toast
  • Layer 2: mayo
  • Layer 3: turkey
  • Layer 4: bacon
  • Layer 5: iceberg lettuce
  • Layer 6: mayo
  • Layer 7: more toast

… and repeat Layers 2-7.
*Add pickle on the side.

To answer the obvious question “How was it?” – You first had to take a big bite at least seven layers deep.

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Food Chain

“Systems Thinking” — A Foundation for ITIL-Oriented Service Operations Management

Like any major human undertaking, IT Operations must manage a lot of moving parts in order to produce its desired outcome. A manufacturer manages material, capital equipment, shop floor, engineering/design, sales, marketing, financial and other components. A healthcare organization manages nursing, physician, equipment, drug, facilities and many more components. IT Operations has its own components: technologies (network, computer systems, applications, databases) and the related IT staff that support services to end-users.

Unless these complex organizations apply what scientists call “Systems Thinking” to their daily operations, the task of producing their particular desired outcomes will be inefficient, possibly chaotic and unnecessarily costly. For IT Operations, desired outcomes are to maintain the quality and availability of IT-based business services according to service-level agreements, operational-level agreements or implicit end-user expectations. Systems Thinking is about viewing complex issues holistically: analyzing relationships of parts and their impact on one another versus analyzing parts of things in isolation (i.e., “in silos”).

Without the proper amount of “Systems Thinking,” IT Operations is thinking in silos and will experience slow mean-time-to-repair of service-impacting issues, wasteful troubleshooting and misalignment with business priorities. Everyone in IT knows what finger-pointing means when something goes wrong: like a major outage or a crippling degradation. Operations can be downright chaotic, especially as applications and infrastructure get more complex, more virtual and more cloud-based.

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Building Bridges Between IT and Business

Building Bridges Between IT and the Business

Service Assurance is a term that connotes 360-degree situational awareness of business services, (i.e., a consolidated, real-time, predictive view of all silos, workloads and their relationship to a service). Where previous business service management (BSM) solutions have fell short, IT organizations need a next-generation approach to align IT with the business. This new approach must be designed to build bridges of communication and promote collaboration across the cultural and political barriers within IT organizations in an ITIL-like fashion.

Not that the business cares about ITIL, but they do care that IT has a repeatable means of working so that we can be consistent — and ITIL is a source of best practices that can be used or adapted. ITIL can and should be used to ensure that domains handle, for example, incidents or changes, according to a policy that is adhered-to across the organization. To promote ITIL-like best practices, IT organizations need a Service Assurance (i.e., a 360-degree) view shared by all siloed IT teams so they have a common understanding of services and service impact to enable closed-loop service life cycle management.

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Where BSM Fell Short and What Followed

About a decade ago, so-called business service management (BSM) solutions appeared, and they mainly focused on how systems impacted applications and relied on configuration management databases (CMDBs) to define the parts of the IT environment that comprise (i.e., support) a service. But BSM focused on availability and fell short on performance trending and capacity planning. In truth, it fell short too on availability since the business wants true end-to-end measurement and IT failed to address the business view of a transaction. (So what if ‘the service’ was 99.999% available if the business could not access key applications because network availability was not considered — by IT — to be a component measure of availability?)

System impact on the application is important, but only a fraction of the story. Parallel to BSM, IT solutions emerged to manage business services in terms of application performance and user experience. Some solutions used measured real (not synthetic) behavior of a business process’ individual transactions that comprise a service (i.e., time to complete log-in, add-to-shopping cart, check-out and more) and pinpoint root cause within the application stack. Then along came solutions for measuring network performance and its impact on applications. Workload automation that could view groups of jobs in terms of business services ― and if they will be completed ‘on time’ — also arrived on the scene a few years ago.

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Service Assurance pyramid

Changing IT Culture to Be Business-Focused

More than ever, we hear about IT organizations being rated according to how well they ‘align with the business.’ Certainly, this has been the phrase that has been most associated with the ‘business service management’ (BSM) for a decade or more. This is the idea that IT environments should be managed in relationship to how they impact a business, positive or negative: the idea that we manage IT assets with direct knowledge of how they impact the services that users experience (online banking and shopping, SharePoint, electronic medical records, PeopleSoft, Salesforce.com, etc.)

Lately, popular IT lexicon has replaced ‘alignment’ with ‘integration’ ― as if the introduction of another term will actually make a difference to the reality of the situation.

IT-to-business alignment is easier said than done: for the most part, IT culture isn’t collaborative enough across disciplines; many IT management tools aren’t smart enough; and tools from most individual vendors, let alone different vendors, aren’t integrated enough. All this contributes to a siloed approach to IT management: an approach that prevents a useful management view (or model) of what comprises each service that’s delivered to an end user.

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Which ITIL is right for you?

The best practices of the IT Infrastructure Library appeal to enterprise IT organizations, but recent data from Forrester Research shows that most adopters are sticking with the second generation of ITIL, despite how-to guidance being incorporated into ITIL Version 3.

ITIL FAQ

According to a report in Network World, more than 50% of 115 respondents told Forrester analysts they were either fully or partially practicing ITIL v2 guidelines. Yet less than one-fifth (18%) of those polled said they were practicing ITIL v3. Yet 38% said they were considering adopting ITIL v3.

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